| Weir-Type Diaphragm Valve |
Raised central weir separates the upstream and downstream flow passages; the diaphragm seals against the weir. |
Ductile iron, carbon steel, stainless steel, alloy steel, or lined metal. |
EPDM, natural rubber, chlorobutyl, PTFE-faced elastomers, or fluorocarbon elastomers. |
DN 15–DN 600 (½–24 in), depending on service and design. |
Typically up to approximately 10–16 bar (150–230 psi); higher ratings are design-specific. |
Approximately −40 to 150 °C (−40 to 302 °F), depending on diaphragm compound and lining. |
Water treatment, chemical processing, corrosive fluids, slurries, mining, and pulp and paper. |
Good shutoff, low leakage risk, strong throttling capability, and protection of the valve body from the process medium. |
The weir creates additional pressure loss and may reduce suitability for fluids containing large solids. |
| Straight-Through Diaphragm Valve |
Nearly unobstructed, straight flow passage with the diaphragm moving toward the bottom of the valve body. |
Cast iron, ductile iron, carbon steel, stainless steel, or corrosion-resistant lined metal. |
EPDM, natural rubber, chlorobutyl, PTFE, or other chemically compatible elastomers. |
DN 25–DN 600 (1–24 in). |
Typically up to approximately 6–16 bar (90–230 psi). |
Approximately −40 to 150 °C (−40 to 302 °F), subject to material compatibility. |
Slurry transport, abrasive liquids, wastewater, mining concentrates, and fluids containing suspended solids. |
Lower flow resistance than a weir design and improved passage of solids or viscous media. |
Generally less effective for fine throttling and may require a larger diaphragm stroke. |
| Lined Diaphragm Valve |
Weir or straight-through construction with a corrosion-resistant internal lining. |
Carbon steel, ductile iron, or cast iron with PTFE, PFA, rubber, or other engineered lining. |
PTFE-faced, EPDM, chlorobutyl, or fluorocarbon elastomer diaphragms. |
DN 15–DN 500 (½–20 in). |
Commonly up to approximately 10–16 bar (150–230 psi). |
Approximately −20 to 180 °C (−4 to 356 °F), depending on lining and diaphragm construction. |
Acid handling, caustic service, chlorine-related processes, chemical production, and aggressive wastewater. |
Provides strong corrosion resistance while reducing the need for expensive solid-alloy valve bodies. |
Temperature cycling, permeation, lining damage, and compatibility with the process chemical must be evaluated. |
| Plastic Diaphragm Valve |
Weir or straight-through flow path manufactured from thermoplastic materials. |
PVC, CPVC, polypropylene, PVDF, or other process-grade thermoplastics. |
EPDM, PTFE, FKM, or elastomers selected for chemical compatibility. |
DN 15–DN 150 (½–6 in), with larger sizes available for selected designs. |
Typically up to approximately 10 bar (150 psi), decreasing as temperature increases. |
Approximately 0–120 °C (32–248 °F), depending on the plastic body and diaphragm. |
Water treatment, semiconductor chemicals, laboratory systems, electroplating, and low-to-medium pressure chemical lines. |
Lightweight, corrosion-resistant, and suitable for many chemically aggressive fluids. |
Mechanical strength, ultraviolet exposure, thermal expansion, and maximum operating temperature are limiting factors. |
| Sanitary Diaphragm Valve |
Low-hold-up, smooth-bore design with minimized dead legs and hygienic internal surfaces. |
316L stainless steel, often with electropolished or mechanically polished wetted surfaces. |
EPDM, PTFE, silicone, or other elastomers meeting applicable hygienic requirements. |
DN 10–DN 150 (⅜–6 in), commonly using sanitary tube standards. |
Typically approximately 6–16 bar (90–230 psi), depending on size, end connection, and temperature. |
Approximately −20 to 150 °C (−4 to 302 °F); sterilization limits depend on the diaphragm material. |
Pharmaceutical production, biotechnology, food and beverage, cosmetics, and ultrapure water systems. |
Cleanability, low product retention, reliable isolation, and suitability for clean-in-place or steam-in-place systems. |
Surface finish, elastomer certification, drainability, sterilization cycles, and hygienic connection geometry are critical. |
| Manual Diaphragm Valve |
Diaphragm position is controlled by a handwheel, rising stem, or non-rising stem mechanism. |
Cast iron, ductile iron, carbon steel, stainless steel, plastic, or lined metal. |
EPDM, PTFE, natural rubber, chlorobutyl, or fluorocarbon elastomers. |
DN 15–DN 600 (½–24 in). |
Typically up to approximately 10–16 bar (150–230 psi). |
Approximately −40 to 150 °C (−40 to 302 °F), based on materials. |
Isolation points, sampling systems, low-frequency process control, utility piping, and maintenance bypasses. |
Simple construction, low maintenance requirements, and no external power supply. |
Unsuitable for remote operation or rapidly changing control loops unless combined with an actuator. |
| Pneumatically Actuated Diaphragm Valve |
Valve opening and closing is controlled by an air-operated actuator and spring or double-acting piston. |
Stainless steel, carbon steel, ductile iron, plastic, or lined metal. |
EPDM, PTFE, natural rubber, chlorobutyl, or application-specific elastomers. |
DN 15–DN 300 (½–12 in). |
Typically up to approximately 10–16 bar (150–230 psi). |
Approximately −40 to 150 °C (−40 to 302 °F), subject to actuator and diaphragm limits. |
Automated chemical dosing, wastewater treatment, batch processing, hazardous areas, and process control. |
Fast response, fail-open or fail-closed options, and suitability for automated control systems. |
Requires correctly sized instrument air, compatible control accessories, and proper fail-position specification. |
| Electric-Actuated Diaphragm Valve |
Valve position is controlled by an electric motor or electric actuator through a stem mechanism. |
Stainless steel, carbon steel, ductile iron, plastic, or lined metal. |
EPDM, PTFE, natural rubber, chlorobutyl, or fluorocarbon elastomers. |
DN 15–DN 300 (½–12 in). |
Typically up to approximately 10–16 bar (150–230 psi). |
Approximately −20 to 150 °C (−4 to 302 °F), depending on actuator enclosure and process materials. |
Remote water treatment plants, utility systems, chemical skids, and locations without instrument air. |
Precise electrical integration, remote positioning, and reduced dependence on compressed air. |
Power availability, actuator duty cycle, ingress protection, emergency positioning, and torque requirements must be checked. |
| Flanged-End Diaphragm Valve |
Valve is installed between pipe flanges using bolting and a suitable gasket. |
Ductile iron, cast iron, carbon steel, stainless steel, or lined metal. |
EPDM, PTFE, rubber compounds, or fluorocarbon elastomers. |
DN 25–DN 600 (1–24 in). |
Commonly PN 10, PN 16, Class 150, or equivalent ratings, depending on design. |
Approximately −40 to 180 °C (−40 to 356 °F), according to construction. |
Large-diameter pipelines, water and wastewater facilities, mining, power generation, and chemical plants. |
Strong mechanical connection, easy removal for maintenance, and availability in large sizes. |
Requires correct flange standard, face-to-face dimension, gasket selection, and bolt tightening procedure. |
| Threaded or Socket-End Diaphragm Valve |
Installed using female threads, solvent-weld sockets, or other compact end connections. |
PVC, CPVC, polypropylene, PVDF, stainless steel, or small-bore lined metal. |
EPDM, PTFE, FKM, or other chemically compatible elastomers. |
DN 8–DN 80 (¼–3 in). |
Typically up to approximately 10–16 bar (150–230 psi), depending on connection type. |
Approximately 0–120 °C (32–248 °F), depending on body and diaphragm materials. |
Laboratory systems, chemical distribution, dosing lines, instrumentation, and compact skid packages. |
Compact installation, low weight, and convenient use in small-diameter piping. |
Thread engagement, joint sealant compatibility, installation torque, and thermal expansion require attention. |
| Two-Way On-Off Diaphragm Valve |
Designed primarily for full isolation or full flow, with the diaphragm providing the shutoff barrier. |
Metal, plastic, or lined metal, selected according to fluid chemistry and pressure. |
EPDM, PTFE, rubber, chlorobutyl, or fluorocarbon elastomers. |
DN 10–DN 600 (⅜–24 in). |
Typically up to approximately 10–16 bar (150–230 psi). |
Approximately −40 to 180 °C (−40 to 356 °F), subject to materials and design. |
Process isolation, drainage, tank outlet service, corrosive chemical lines, and slurry systems. |
Reliable bubble-tight closure and no packing gland exposed to the process fluid. |
Operating frequency, pressure differential, actuator sizing, and diaphragm fatigue life should be considered. |
| Control or Throttling Diaphragm Valve |
Diaphragm position is modulated to regulate flow, pressure, or process dosage. |
Lined metal, stainless steel, ductile iron, or engineered thermoplastics. |
EPDM, PTFE-faced elastomers, natural rubber, chlorobutyl, or fluorocarbon elastomers. |
DN 15–DN 300 (½–12 in). |
Typically up to approximately 10–16 bar (150–230 psi). |
Approximately −40 to 150 °C (−40 to 302 °F), according to the control trim and diaphragm. |
Flow regulation, chemical dosing, slurry control, wastewater treatment, and batch process systems. |
Good resistance to corrosive media and reduced risk of stem leakage compared with packed-stem designs. |
Pressure drop, cavitation, diaphragm wear, control accuracy, and the valve characteristic must be evaluated. |
| Typical Industry Selection Criteria |
Selection should match the valve design to the process flow, pressure, temperature, and operating cycle. |
Material selection depends on corrosion resistance, abrasion resistance, mechanical strength, and lining requirements. |
Diaphragm material must be chemically compatible with the fluid and rated for the complete temperature range. |
Choose size based on required flow rate, allowable pressure drop, pipe standard, and connection geometry. |
Verify pressure rating at the actual operating temperature, including vacuum and transient conditions where applicable. |
Consider normal, minimum, maximum, cleaning, sterilization, and upset temperatures. |
Relevant sectors include chemical processing, water treatment, mining, pharmaceuticals, food processing, power, and pulp and paper. |
Diaphragm valves isolate the process fluid from the stem and actuator, reducing packing-related emissions and contamination risks. |
Confirm applicable standards, testing requirements, cleanability, spare diaphragm availability, maintenance access, and actuator fail position. |