| 01. General-Purpose Austenitic Pipe | 304 | 18Cr–8Ni austenitic stainless steel | Seamless or longitudinally welded | ASTM A312 / ASME SA312 | Commonly supplied from small instrument sizes to large process-pipe diameters | Excellent; low-carbon 304L is preferred for extensive post-weld service | Good resistance to atmospheric corrosion and many mild chemical environments; vulnerable to chloride pitting | Water systems, food-processing equipment, architectural piping, and general process lines | Cost-effective default grade when chloride exposure is limited |
| 02. High-Cleanliness Austenitic Pipe | 304L | Low-carbon 18Cr–8Ni austenitic stainless steel | Seamless or welded, with optional pickling and passivation | ASTM A312 / ASME SA312 | Available in sanitary, process, and industrial dimensions | Very good; reduced carbon content lowers the risk of sensitization after welding | Similar general corrosion performance to 304, with improved weld-area corrosion resistance | Food, beverage, pharmaceutical, dairy, and clean-process piping | Preferred over 304 when frequent welding or stringent hygienic finishing is required |
| 03. Heavy-Wall Austenitic Pipe | 304 Seamless | 18Cr–8Ni austenitic stainless steel | Hot-finished or cold-finished seamless pipe | ASTM A312 / ASME SA312 | Typically selected for smaller to medium outside diameters and heavier wall requirements | Excellent, subject to suitable filler metal and heat-input control | Good in freshwater and many non-chloride services; not intended for severe chloride environments | High-pressure utility lines, chemical equipment, boiler-related piping, and instrumentation headers | Useful where a continuous wrought structure and heavier wall are preferred |
| 04. Economical Large-Diameter Pipe | 304 Welded | 18Cr–8Ni austenitic stainless steel | Cold-formed strip with longitudinal seam weld | ASTM A312 / ASME SA312 | Often more economical for medium and large outside diameters | Excellent with qualified welding procedures and appropriate solution annealing where required | Good general corrosion resistance; weld-zone quality and surface condition are important | Water distribution, structural process lines, tanks, and low-to-medium pressure services | Provides a favorable cost-to-diameter ratio when seamless construction is unnecessary |
| 05. Molybdenum-Alloyed Process Pipe | 316L | 16–18Cr, 10–14Ni, 2–3Mo low-carbon austenitic stainless steel | Seamless or longitudinally welded | ASTM A312 / ASME SA312 | Broad industrial range, including process and hygienic dimensions | Very good; low carbon helps resist sensitization in welded service | Better pitting and crevice-corrosion resistance than 304 in many chloride-containing environments | Chemical processing, marine atmospheres, pharmaceutical systems, and food-processing equipment | Choose 316L when molybdenum alloying is justified by chloride or chemical exposure |
| 06. Hygienic 316L Pipe | 316L | Low-carbon molybdenum-bearing austenitic stainless steel | Orbital-weldable sanitary tube or welded pipe with polished internal surface | ASTM A270 for sanitary tubing; project specifications may also reference ASME BPE | Commonly supplied in sanitary outside diameters with controlled wall thickness | Excellent when orbital welding, purge gas, and surface treatment are properly controlled | Strong resistance to many cleaning chemicals and chloride-bearing process residues | Biopharmaceutical, dairy, beverage, cosmetics, and high-purity water systems | Internal roughness, weld quality, passivation, and drainability can be more important than nominal grade |
| 07. Lean Duplex Structural-Process Pipe | Duplex 2101 | Lean duplex ferritic-austenitic stainless steel | Seamless or welded, depending on size and specification | ASTM A790 or applicable duplex project specification | Selected across process, structural, and utility pipe dimensions | Good, but heat input, interpass temperature, and phase balance require control | Generally higher yield strength and chloride resistance than 304L; performance depends on grade and environment | Storage tanks, water systems, structural piping, and moderate-chloride services | Can reduce wall thickness through higher strength, subject to design-code approval |
| 08. Standard Duplex Process Pipe | Duplex 2205 | Approximately balanced ferritic-austenitic duplex stainless steel | Seamless or welded | ASTM A790 / ASME SA790 | Commonly used for medium and large process-pipe sizes | Good with qualified procedures; excessive heat can disturb the desired phase balance | Higher strength and better resistance to chloride stress-corrosion cracking than common austenitic grades | Offshore equipment, desalination, chemical processing, pulp and paper, and oil-and-gas facilities | Requires disciplined welding, heat treatment, ferrite control, and corrosion qualification |
| 09. Super Duplex Corrosion-Resistant Pipe | Duplex 2507 | High-alloy super duplex ferritic-austenitic stainless steel | Seamless or welded | ASTM A790 / ASME SA790 | Typically specified for critical process and offshore pipe sizes | Good only with strict control of welding consumables, heat input, interpass temperature, and phase balance | Very high resistance to pitting, crevice corrosion, and chloride stress-corrosion cracking in suitable environments | Seawater systems, offshore platforms, desalination, heat exchangers, and aggressive chemical services | Higher material and fabrication cost is justified only where environmental severity requires it |
| 10. Heat-Exchanger and Condenser Pipe | 316L | Low-carbon molybdenum-bearing austenitic stainless steel | Seamless or welded heat-exchanger and condenser tube/pipe | ASTM A213 for seamless boiler and heat-exchanger tubing; ASTM A249 for welded tubing | Usually supplied in controlled outside diameters and thinner walls than process pipe | Very good, with strict dimensional, cleanliness, and nondestructive-testing requirements | Good resistance to many cooling-water and process-fluid environments; chloride limits still apply | Heat exchangers, condensers, evaporators, chemical plants, and power-generation equipment | Thermal performance, tube-side cleanliness, leakage testing, and wall-thickness control are critical |