| Flange type | Weld neck flange | Butt-welded to the pipe; commonly selected for services where a strong, gradual transition and reliable alignment are important. | GB/T 9112-2010 for types and parameters; GB/T 9124.1-2019 for PN-designated flanges or GB/T 9124.2-2019 for Class-designated flanges. ASME B16.5 and ASME B16.47 are also used for applicable projects. | Confirm the flange standard, pressure designation, nominal size, facing, material, and welding-end dimensions against the pipe and project specification. |
| Flange type | Slip-on flange | Fits over the pipe and is attached by welds; often used for general piping where installation is straightforward. | GB/T 9112-2010 and the applicable GB/T 9124 PN or Class series; ASME B16.5 is a common international project reference. | Check the specified flange form and welding details. Do not assume that similarly named flanges from different standards have interchangeable dimensions. |
| Flange type | Plate welding flange | A flat plate-style flange welded to the pipe; used in piping systems where its design and pressure-temperature limits are suitable. | GB/T 9112-2010 and the applicable GB/T 9124 PN or Class series. EN 1092-1 may be specified for European-standard systems. | Verify the required plate thickness, facing, material, and pressure-temperature rating from the governing standard and design documents. |
| Flange type | Socket-weld flange | The pipe fits into a socket and is welded around the connection; generally used for smaller-bore piping when permitted by the design specification. | GB/T 9112-2010 and the applicable GB/T 9124 series; ASME B16.5 covers socket-welding flange dimensions within its scope. | Confirm size range, socket dimensions, material, pressure class, and the project’s welding requirements. |
| Flange type | Threaded flange | Connects to a threaded pipe without a welded pipe-to-flange joint; used only where the service and design allow threaded connections. | GB/T 9112-2010 and the applicable GB/T 9124 series; ASME B16.5 includes threaded flanges within its scope. | Specify the thread form and size, and check compatibility with the pipe thread and applicable service requirements. |
| Flange type | Blind flange | Closes the end of a pipe, valve, or pressure-vessel opening and can provide access for later inspection or maintenance. | GB/T 9112-2010 and the applicable GB/T 9124 series; ASME B16.5 or ASME B16.47 may apply depending on size and project requirements. | Check the design pressure, temperature, facing, bolting arrangement, and any project-specific requirements for future opening. |
| Flange type | Loose or lap-joint flange | Used with a compatible stub end or backing component, allowing the flange ring to rotate for bolt-hole alignment. | GB/T 9112-2010 and the applicable GB/T 9124 series; other project standards may define corresponding loose-flange assemblies. | Confirm that the flange ring and stub end are specified as a compatible assembly, including material, dimensions, and facing. |
| Common Standards and Purchasing Checks |
| China national standard | GB/T 9112-2010 | Specifies types and parameters for steel pipe flanges. | Use together with the applicable dimensional and technical requirements for the selected flange system. | Ask the supplier to identify the exact standard and edition on the quotation and product documentation. |
| China national standard | GB/T 9124.1-2019 | Steel pipe flange requirements for the PN-designated series. | PN is a pressure designation used in the standard; it should not be treated as a direct substitute for an ASME Class designation. | Confirm PN, nominal size, facing, material, and the specified pressure-temperature conditions. |
| China national standard | GB/T 9124.2-2019 | Steel pipe flange requirements for the Class-designated series. | Provides a Class-designated option within the Chinese steel pipe flange standards. | State the required standard and designation explicitly; avoid mixing dimensions from different systems. |
| International standards | ASME B16.5, ASME B16.47, and EN 1092-1 | Commonly specified on international projects. Their scope, size ranges, designations, and dimensions differ. | ASME B16.5 covers pipe flanges and flanged fittings within its scope; B16.47 covers large-diameter steel flanges; EN 1092-1 specifies circular steel flanges using its own system. | Require the supplier to quote to one specified standard and edition, and verify dimensions and facing before ordering. |
| Supplier documentation | Traceability and inspection records | Supports verification that delivered flanges match the purchase specification. | Documentation should follow the contract and applicable product standard. | Check material certificates, heat or batch traceability, dimensional inspection results, marking, and any required non-destructive testing. |